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中英南京条约！
１８４２年８月２９日
〔中〕耆英〔英〕璞鼎查
一、嗣后大清大皇帝与英国君主，永存平和，所属华英人民，彼此友睦，各住他国者，必受该国保佑，身家全安。
二、自今以后，大皇帝恩准英国人民，带回所属家眷，寄居没海之广州、福州、厦门、宁波、上海等五处港口，贸易通商无碍。英国君主派设领事、管事等官，住该五处城邑，专理商贾事宜。与各该地方官公文往来，令英人按照下条开叙之例，清楚交纳货税、钞饷等费。
叁、因英国商船，远路涉洋，往往有损坏须修补者，自应给予沿海一处，以便修船及存守所用物料。今大皇帝准将香港一岛，给予英国君主暨嗣后世袭主位者，常远主掌，任便立法治理。
四、因饮差大臣等于道光十九年二月间，将英国领事及民人等，强留粤省，吓以死罪，索出鸦片，以为赎命。今大皇帝准以洋银六百万圆，补偿原价。
五、凡英国商民，在粤省贸易，向例全归额设商行亦称公行者承办，今大皇帝准其嗣后不必仍照向例，凡有英商等赴各该口贸易者，勿论与何商交易，均听其便。且向例额设行商等，内有累欠英商甚多，无措清还者，今酌定洋银３００万元，作为商欠之数，由中国官为偿还。
六、钦差大臣等向英国居民人等，不公强办，致须拨发军士，讨求伸理，今酌定水陆军费洋银１２００万元，大皇帝准为补偿。惟自道光二十一年６月１５日以后，英国在各城收过银两之数，按数扣除。
七、以上酌定银数，共２１００百万元，此时交银６００万元，癸卯年６月间交银３００万元，１２月间交银３００万元，共银６００万元。甲辰年６月间交银２５０万元，１２月间交银２５０万元，共银５００万元。乙巳年６月交银２００万元，１２月间交银２００万元，共银４００万元。自壬寅年起，至乙巳止，４年共交银２１００万元。但按期未能交足，则酌定每年每１００元应加息５元。
八、凡系英国人，无论本国、属国军民等，今在中国管辖各地方被禁者，大皇帝准即释放。
九、凡系中国人，前在英国人所据之邑居住者，或与英人有来往者，或有跟随及伺候英国官人者，均由大皇帝俯降谕旨，誊录天下，恩准免罪。凡系中国人为英国事被拿监禁者，亦加恩释放。
十、前第二条内，言明开关，俾英国商民居住通商之广州等五处，应纳进口出口货税、饷费，均宜秉公议定则例，由部颁发晓示，以便英商按例交纳。今又议定：英国货物，自在某港按例纳税后，即准由中国商人，遍运天下，而路所经过，税关不得加重税例，只可照估价则例若干，每两加税不过某分。
十一、议定英国中国之总管大员，与中国大臣，无论京内京外者，有文书来往，用照会字样；英国属员，用申陈字样；大臣批复，用札行字样。两国属员往来，必当平行照会。
若两国商贾上达官宪，不在议内，仍用奏明字样。
十二、俟奉大皇帝允准，和约各条施行，并以此时准交之６００万元交清，英国水陆军士，当即退出江宁、京口等处江面，并不再行拦阻中国各省商贾贸易。至镇海之招宝山亦将退让。
惟有定海县之舟山海岛，厦门厅之鼓浪屿小岛，仍归英兵暂为驻守，迨及所议洋银全数交清，而前议各海口均已开关，俾英人通商后，即将驻守二处军士退出，不复占据。
十叁、以上各条，均关议和公约，应俟大臣等分别奏明大皇帝□笔批准，及英国君主判定后，即速相交，俾两国分执一册，以昭信守。惟两国相离遥远，是以另缮二册，先由钦差大臣等及英国公使，盖用关防，各执一册为据，俾即日按照和约开载之条，施行妥办。
Treaty of Nanjing (Nanking), 1842
(Ratifications exchanged at Hongkong, 26th June 1843.) VICTORIA, by the Grace of God, Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, etc., etc., tc. To All and Singular to whom these Presents shall come, Greeting ! Whereas a Treaty between Us and Our Good Brother The Emperor of China, was concluded and signed, in the English and Chinese Languages, on board Our Ship the Cornwall s, at Nanking, on the Twenty-ninth day of August, in the Year of Our Lord One Thousand Eight Hundred and Forty-two, by the Plenipotentiaries of Us and of Our said Good Brother, duly and respectively authorized for that purpose; which Treat is hereunto annexed in Original. TREATY Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and His Majesty the Emperor of China, being desirous of putting an end to the misunderstandings and consequent hostilities which nbsphave arisen between the two Countries, have resolved to conclude a Treaty for that purpose, and have therefore named as their Plenipotentiaries, that is to say: Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain and Ireland, HENRY POTTINGER, Bart., a ajor General in the Service of the East India Company, etc., etc.; And His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of China, the High Commiasioners KEYING, a Member of the Imperial House, a Guardian of the Crown Prince and General of the Garrison&nbs of Canton; and ELEPOO, of Imperial Kindred, graciously permitted to wear the insignia of the first rank, and the distinction of Peacock\'s feather, lately Minister and Governor General etc., and now Lieutenant-General Commanding at Chapoo: Who, after aving communicated to each other their respective Full Powers and found them to be in good and due form, have agreed upon, and concluded, the following Articles: ARTICLE I. There shall henceforward be Peace and Friendship between Her Majesty t e Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and His Majesty the Emperor of China, and between their respective Subjects, who shall enjoy full security and protection for their persons and property within the Dominions of the&nb pother. ARTICLE II. His Majesty the Emperor of China agrees that British Subjects, with their families and establishments, shall be allowed to reside, for the purpose of carrying on their Mercantile pursuits, without molestation or restraint at the&nb pCities and Towns of Canton, Amoy, Foochow-fu, Ningpo, and Shanghai, and Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain, etc., will appoint Superintendents or Consular Officers, to reside at each of the above-named Cities or Towns, to be the medium of nbspcommunication between the Chinese Authorities and the said Merchants, and to see that the just Duties and other Dues of the Chinese Government is hereafter provided for, are duly discharged by Her Britannic Majesty\'s Subjects. ARTICLE III. It&nbs being obviously necessary and desirable, that British Subjects should have some Port whereat they may careen and refit their Ships, when required, and keep Stores for that purpose, His Majesty the Emperor of China cedes to Her Majesty the Quee of Great Britain, etc., the Island of Hongkong, to be possessed in perpetuity by Her Britannic Majesty, Her Heirs and Successors, and to be governed by such Laws and Regulations as Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain, etc., shall s e fit to direct. ARTICLE IV. The Emperor of China agrees to pay the sum of Six Millions of Dollars as the value of Opium which was delivered up at Canton in the month of March 1839, as a Ransom for the lives of Her Brit nnic Majesty\'s Superintendent and Subjects, who had been imprisoned and threatened with death by the Chinese High Officers. ARTICLE V. The Government of China having compelled the British Merchants trading at Canton to deal exclusively with certain C inese Merchants called Hong Merchants (or Cohong) who had been licensed by the Chinese Government for that purpose, the Emperor of China agrees to abolish that practice in future at all Ports where British Merchants may reside, and to permit&n spthem to carry on their mercantile transactions with whatever persons they please, and His Imperial Majesty further agrees to pay to the British Government the sum of Three Millions of Dollars, on acoount of Debts due to British Subjects by&n spsome of the said Hong Merchants (or Cohong), who have become insolvent, and who owe very large sums of money to Subjects of Her Britannic Majesty.
ARTICLE VI. The Government of Her Britannic Majesty having been obliged to send out& bspan Expedition to demand and obtain redress for the violent and unjust Proceedings of the Chinese High Authorities towards Her Britannic Majesty\'s Officer and Subjects, the Emperor of China agrees to pay the sum of Twelve Millions of Dollars&nb pon account of the Expenses incurred, and Her Britannic Majesty\'s Plenipotentiary voluntarily agrees, on behalf of Her Majesty, to deduct from the said amount of Twelve Millions of Dollars, any sums which may have been received by Her Majesty\'s& bspcombined Forces as Ransom for Cities and Towns in China, subsequent to the 1st day of August 1841.
ARTICLE VII. It is agreed that the Total amount of Twenty-one Millions of Dollars, described in the three preceding Articles, shall&nbs be paid as follows: Six Millions immediately. Six Millions in 1843. That is:NThree Millions on or before the 30th of the month of June, and Three Millions on or before the 31St of December. Five Millions in 1844. That is:NTwo Millions nd a Half on or before the 30th of June, and Two Millions and a half on or before the 31St of December. Four Millions in 1845. That is:NTwo Millions on or before the 30th of June, and Two Millions on or before the 31 st nbspof December; and it is further stipulated, that Interest at the rate of 5 per cent. per annum, shall be paid by the Government of China on any portions of the above sums that are not punctually discharged at the periods fixed.
ARTICLE VIII. The Emperor of China agrees to release unconditionally all Subjects of leer Britannic Majesty (whether Natives of Europe or India) who may be in confinement at this moment, in any part of the Chinese Empire.
ARTICLE&nb pIX. The Emperor of China agrees to publish and promulgate, under His Imperial Sign Manual and Seal, a full and entire amnesty and act of indemnity, to all Subjects of China on account of their having resided under, or having had deali gs and intercourse with, or having entered the Service of Her Britannic Majesty, or of Her Majesty\'s Officers, and His lmperial Majesty further engages to release all Chinese Subjects who may be at this moment in confinement for similar reaso s.
ARTICLE X. His Majesty the Emperor of China agrees to establish at all the Ports which are by the 2nd Article of this Treaty to be thrown open for the resort of British Merchants, a fair and regular Tariff of Export and Impo t Customs and other Dues, which Tariff shall be publicly notified and promulgated for general information, and the Emperor further engages, that when British Merchandise shall have once paid at any of the said Ports the regulated Customs and D es agreeable to the Tariff, to be hereafter fixed, such Merchandise may be conveyed by Chinese Merchants, to any Province or City in the interior of the Empire of China on paying a further amount as Transit Duties which shall not excee per cent. On the tariff value of such goods.
ARTICLE Xl. It is agreed that Her Britannic Majesty\'s Chief High Officer in China shall correspond with the Chinese High Officers, both at the Capital and in the Provinces, under the term& bsp\"Communication\" [chinese characters]. The Subordinate British Officers and Chinese High Officers in the Provinces under the terms \"Statement\" [chinese characters] on the part of the former, and on the part of the latter \" Declaration \" [chinese&n spcharacters], and the Subordinates of both Countries on a footing of perfect equality. Merchants and others not holding official situations and, therefore, not included in the above, on both sides, to use the term \" Representation \" [chinese ch racters] in all Papers addressed to, or intended for the notice of the respective Governments.
ARTICLE XII. On the assent of the Emperor of China to this Treaty being received and the discharge of the first instalment of money, Her Britann c Majesty\'s Forces will retire from Nanking and the Grand Canal, and will no longer molest or stop the Trade of China. The Military Post at Chinhai will also be withdrawn, but the Islands of Koolangsoo and that of Chusan will continue nbspto be held by Her Majesty\'s Forces until the money payments, and the arrangements for opening the Ports to British Merchants be completed.
ARTICLE XIII. The Ratification of the Treaty by Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain, etc., and&n spHis Majesty the Emperor of China shall be exchanged as soon as the great distance which separates England from China will admit; but in the meantime counterpart copies of it, signed and sealed by the Plenipotentiaries on behalf of their espective Sovereigns, shall be mutually delivered, and all its provisions and arrangements shall take effect. Done at Nanking and Signed and Sealed by the Plenipotentiaries on board Her Britannic Majesty\'s ship Cornwallis, this twenty-ninth day of August 1842, corresponding with the Chinese date, twenty-fourth day of the seventh month in the twenty-second Year of TAOU KWANG. (L.S.) HENRY POTTINGER, Her Majesty\'s Plenipotentiary. Chinese Signatures (3).* | Chinese Seal. |
We, having seen& bspand considered the Treaty aforesaid, have approved, accepted, and confirmed the same in all and every one of its Articles and Clauses, as We do by these Presents approve, accept, confirm, and ratify it for Ourselves, Our Heirs, and Successo s:Engaging and Promising upon Our Royal Word, that We will sincerely and faithfully perform and observe all and singular the things which are contained and expressed in the Treaty aforesaid, and that We will never suffer the same to be vio ated by any one, or transgressed in any manner, as far as it lies in Our Power. For the greater Testimony and Validity of all which, We have caused the Great Seal of Our United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland to be affixed nbspto these Presents, which We have signed with Our Royal Hand. Given at Our Court at Windsor Castle, the Twenty-eighth day of December, in the Year of Our Lord One Thousand Eight Hundred and Forty-two, and in the Sixth Year of Our&nb pReign.
(Signed) VICTORIA R. * The preamble mentions two Chinese negotiators only, KEYING and ELEPOO. The third signature was that of NIUKIEN, Liang Kiang Viceroy.
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